TENSES
1. Simple present tense
This tense is usually not use to
indicate present time. However, it is used to indicate present time (now) with
the following stative verbs; know, understand, have, believe, hate, need, hear
love, appear, see, see, like seem, smell, want, taste, wish, sound, and own.
Simple present tense is also used to indicate a regular or habitual action.
Examples :
·
She loves her parents every time
·
I get holiday every sunday
2. Present Progressive (continuous)
Subject
+ {am; is; are} + [verb + ing]
The present progressive is
used to indicate present time (now) with all but the stative verbs listed
previously. It is also used to indicate future time.
Examples :
·
I am writing a letter now
·
We are working hard for this time
3. Simple Past Tense
The simple past is used for a completed action
that happened at one specific time in the past.
Examples :
·
She advised her friend when they went togethet last
day
·
I eat rice because I felt hungry
4. Past Progressive (continuous)
Use of Past Progressive
a.. puts emphasis on the course of
an action in the past
Example: He was
playing football.
b. two actions happening at the same
time (in the past)
Example: While
she was preparing dinner, he was washing the
dishes.
c. action going on at a certain time
in the past
Example: When
I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang
5. Present Perfect
Subject +
[has/have] + [verb in past participle] …
We use the Present Perfect to say
that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is
not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time
expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,
when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the
Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples :
·
I have seen that movie twenty times.
·
We have already written our reports
·
Maria hasn’t called her parents yet
6. Present Perfect Progressive
(continuous)
Subject +
[has/have] + been + [verb+ing]
Use of Present Perfect Progressive
a. puts emphasis on the duration or
course of an action (not the result)
Example: She has
been writing for two hours.
b. action that recently stopped or
is still going on
Example: I have
been living here since 2001.
c. finished action that influenced
the present
Example: I have
been working all afternoon.
7. Past Perfect
Subject + had
+ [verb in past participle]…
Examples :
·
You had studied English before you
moved to New York.
·
John went home after he had
gone to the store
8. Past Perfect Progressive
(continuous)
Subject + had +
been + [verb+ing]…
Examples :
Nate had been working at
the university forforty-five years before he retired
The Example of Grammar in Toefl
Questions
1. In 1791, Quebec was divided into two
sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada,
_____________ were ruled by elected
assemblies.
(A) they both
(B) both of them
(C) in which both
(D) both of which
Answer : D (both of which)
This choice correctly follows the pattern quantifier + of + relative pronoun.
2. A number of the materials used in manufacturing paint are potential dangerous if mishandled.
A B C D
Answer : C (potential)
An adverb (potentially), not an adjective (potential), is needed.
3. __________ experimental studies of the
aging process, psychologist Ross McFarland
determined that people could work
productively much longer than had
previously been thought.
(A) In that
(B) Through
(C) Since
(D) Into
Answer : B (Through)
This sentence can be correctly completed only with an introductory prepositional phrase (Through experimental studies).
sumber:
- http://melaniapuspa.blogspot.com/2013/05/grammar-toefl-test.html
- http://ardikahenrisal.blogspot.com/2012/04/contoh-soal-toefl-dan-pembahasannya.html
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar